For many purposes, the 2018 iwi estimates provide a more relevant and up-to-date picture than continued use of 2013 Census iwi data. These iwi estimates are not official 2018 Census counts and the quality of these estimates ranges from moderate to poor depending on how the data is used.

Data sources

To reduce the impact of the high level of missing iwi data in the 2018 Census, Stats NZ used a range of statistical methods to produce the 2018 iwi estimates. Data used to derive the estimated counts for each iwi came from:

2018 Census responses
2013 Census responses for those missing iwi affiliations or suspected of under-reporting the number of iwi they affiliate with
2018 Census parental data for children (<15) with missing iwi affiliation or suspected of under-reporting the number of iwi they affiliate with
Non-response weighting adjustment

Data is higher quality when it is sourced from the 2018 census responses. The diagram below shows the percentage contribution of each data source used to produce the estimates for your iwi.

Using the data

When using this data you should be aware that:

There has been a large increase in the Māori descent population and the majority of iwi since the 2013 Census. This makes it difficult to look at changes over time. Using proportions rather than totals may help with this. However, proportions should also be used with caution as any changes in the attributes could be due to changes in who was counted rather than changes affecting individuals.
There is variability in the data sources for iwi and some iwi have specific quality concerns. We have noted significant issues.
The reliability of the iwi affiliation estimates reduces as the size of the estimate gets smaller.

Particular issues for Ngāpuhi

Ngāpuhi (0104) from the 2013 Census has been separated out into Ngāpuhi (0104) and Ngāti Hine (Te Tai Tokerau) (0116) in the 2018 Census.

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